Astma i HOBP – praktični saveti

Astma i HOBP – praktični saveti

Astma i HOBP ( hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća) – su hronična oboljenja disajnih puteva!

Neću Vam pisati o samim bolestima, već hoću da Vam dam nekoliko praktičnih saveta da sebi olakšate tegobe.

Primetila sam da skoro svi bolesnici od astme i HOBP pogrešno dišu i time samo dodatno sebi otežavaju problem.

Tokom astmatičnog napada izražen je veliki nedostatak vazduha tzv. glad za vazduhom i strah obolelog da će se ugušiti.

Zbog toga pacijent ulazi u začarani krug: diše ubrzano i duboko čime samo iscrpljuje sebe.

Što je disanje brže i dublje to sve manje kiseonika dolazi u disajne puteve, povećava se količina ugljen dioksida i gušenje je sve izraženije.

Dakle, morate naučiti da pravilno dišete tokom astmatičnog napada.

Pravilno disanje tokom napada

  • sedite u turski sed

          Ovo mogu mlađi pacijenti, a stariji treba da sednu na nižu stolicu ili krevet sa čvrsto oslonjenim nogama na       pod

  • ispravite leđa
  • dišite polako i plitko na nos i lagano izdišite na usta

Za ovo Vam je potrebna velika doza samokontrole i savladavanja straha.

Budite uporni i olakšajte sebi tegobe.

astma i hobp

Upotreba pumpice

Najčešće primenjivana terapija u astmi i HOBP je u obliku spreja – popularno pumpice.

Da bi se pumpica pravilno koristila potrebno je obučiti pacijenta kako da je koristi – prineti pumpicu ustima, pritisnuti je i u trenutku kad sprej prsne duboko udahnuti.

Skoro svi pacijenti se žale da im se suše usta i da imaju neprijatan ukus u ustima, a što je posledica nepravilnog korišćenja pumpice – usled čega i izostaje terapijski efekat leka u obliku spreja.

Najčešće se problem dešava kod male dece i starih osoba, zbog njihove ne saradljivosti.

U čemu je problem?

Zbog straha tokom gušenja i nedostatka vazduha, u panici se pumpica ranije pritisne i deo aerosola ode u vazduh tj. ne udahne se dovoljna količina spreja, pa se radnja ponavlja i do nekoliko puta. Time se sa jedne strane povećava količina krupnih čestica aerosola koje se zadržavaju u ustima i suše sluznicu usta. Sa druge strane izostaje terapijski efekat i pumpica se uzalud potroši.

Kako poboljšati efekat pumpice?

Neki prozvođači su problem rešili tako što uz pumpicu dobijete i tzv. spacer (spejser) odnosno plastični balon.

Ovaj balon na jednom kraju ima otvor za pumpicu, a na drugom kraju je ispust kroz koji se udiše sprej.

Otvori za pumpice su standardni.

Ispust kroz koji pacijent udiše aeroso ima nepovratnu valvulu (zalistak) koja se otvara samo u pravcu udaha, tj. kad pacijent povuče vazduh iz balona.

Kako se koristi spacer – balon?

  1. na kraj koji je predviđen za pumpicu uglavite pumpicu, a ispust za disanje stavite u usta
  2. pritisnite  pumpicu da aerosol uđe u balon
  3. izbrojte do pet
  4. udahnite jako kroz ispust za disanje

Posle upotrebe rastavite balon i  isperite ga mlakom vodom.

Korišćenjem balona povećavate iskoristljivost aerosola čime povećavate i terapijski efekat leka.  Takođe izbegavate i neprijatan osećaj u ustima i sušenje usta.

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