Astma i HOBP – praktični saveti
Astma i HOBP ( hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća) – su hronična oboljenja disajnih puteva!
Neću Vam pisati o samim bolestima, već hoću da Vam dam nekoliko praktičnih saveta da sebi olakšate tegobe.
Primetila sam da skoro svi bolesnici od astme i HOBP pogrešno dišu i time samo dodatno sebi otežavaju problem.
Tokom astmatičnog napada izražen je veliki nedostatak vazduha tzv. glad za vazduhom i strah obolelog da će se ugušiti.
Zbog toga pacijent ulazi u začarani krug: diše ubrzano i duboko čime samo iscrpljuje sebe.
Što je disanje brže i dublje to sve manje kiseonika dolazi u disajne puteve, povećava se količina ugljen dioksida i gušenje je sve izraženije.
Dakle, morate naučiti da pravilno dišete tokom astmatičnog napada.
Pravilno disanje tokom napada
- sedite u turski sed
Ovo mogu mlađi pacijenti, a stariji treba da sednu na nižu stolicu ili krevet sa čvrsto oslonjenim nogama na pod
- ispravite leđa
- dišite polako i plitko na nos i lagano izdišite na usta
Za ovo Vam je potrebna velika doza samokontrole i savladavanja straha.
Budite uporni i olakšajte sebi tegobe.

Upotreba pumpice
Najčešće primenjivana terapija u astmi i HOBP je u obliku spreja – popularno pumpice.
Da bi se pumpica pravilno koristila potrebno je obučiti pacijenta kako da je koristi – prineti pumpicu ustima, pritisnuti je i u trenutku kad sprej prsne duboko udahnuti.
Skoro svi pacijenti se žale da im se suše usta i da imaju neprijatan ukus u ustima, a što je posledica nepravilnog korišćenja pumpice – usled čega i izostaje terapijski efekat leka u obliku spreja.
Najčešće se problem dešava kod male dece i starih osoba, zbog njihove ne saradljivosti.
U čemu je problem?
Zbog straha tokom gušenja i nedostatka vazduha, u panici se pumpica ranije pritisne i deo aerosola ode u vazduh tj. ne udahne se dovoljna količina spreja, pa se radnja ponavlja i do nekoliko puta. Time se sa jedne strane povećava količina krupnih čestica aerosola koje se zadržavaju u ustima i suše sluznicu usta. Sa druge strane izostaje terapijski efekat i pumpica se uzalud potroši.
Kako poboljšati efekat pumpice?
Neki prozvođači su problem rešili tako što uz pumpicu dobijete i tzv. spacer (spejser) odnosno plastični balon.
Ovaj balon na jednom kraju ima otvor za pumpicu, a na drugom kraju je ispust kroz koji se udiše sprej.
Otvori za pumpice su standardni.
Ispust kroz koji pacijent udiše aeroso ima nepovratnu valvulu (zalistak) koja se otvara samo u pravcu udaha, tj. kad pacijent povuče vazduh iz balona.
Kako se koristi spacer – balon?
- na kraj koji je predviđen za pumpicu uglavite pumpicu, a ispust za disanje stavite u usta
- pritisnite pumpicu da aerosol uđe u balon
- izbrojte do pet
- udahnite jako kroz ispust za disanje
Posle upotrebe rastavite balon i isperite ga mlakom vodom.
Korišćenjem balona povećavate iskoristljivost aerosola čime povećavate i terapijski efekat leka. Takođe izbegavate i neprijatan osećaj u ustima i sušenje usta.
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