EKCEM – bolest modernog doba
Ekcem je oblik dermatitisa (oboljenje kože) koji podrazumeva upalu na koži u čijoj osnovi je imunološka reakcija pokrenuta različitim alergenima.
Ekcemi su jedna od najčešćih dermatoza (oboljenja kože).
Pojava ekcema je znatno veća u razvijenim zemljam i obrnuto je proporcionalna stepenu higijene i učestalosti zaraznih bolesti. Sa jedne strane je posledica većeg zagađenja i izloženosti različitim hemijskim supstancama koje mogu delovati kao iritansi i alergeni, a sa druge strane je posledica nedovoljnog razvoja imunskog sistema deteta u sredini na većem stepenu higijene i manjom izloženošću infektivnim agensima. Smatra se da izloženost većem broju infektivnih uzročnika u detinjstvu utiče na sazrevanje imunskog sistema, a time i na razvoj alergijskih bolesti. Evidentno je da je u područjima gde su češće bakterijske i virusne zarazne bolesti (nerazvijene zemlje) procenat dece sa atopijskim dermatitisom znatno niži.
Šta je ekcem?
Ekcem je hronično oboljenje kože koje se odlikuje stalnim zapaljenjem kože. Oboljenje se javlja u akutnoj i hroničnoj fazi. Akutna faza se manifestuje pojavom sitnih mehurića ispunjenih tečnošću koji izazivaju svrab, a potom prelazi u hroničnu fazu, u kojoj su dominantni jak svrab, zadebljana crvena suva koža i perutanje.
Uzroci nastanka ekcema
- alergija (cesto na razna hemijska sredstva),
- nepovoljni vremenski uslovi(velika toplota, velika hladnoća)
- genetsko nasleđe (do sada se pokazalo da su osobe ciji su preci bolovali od astme skloni oboljevanju od ekcema),
- poremećena cirkulacija,
- u ređim slučajevima loša ishrana,
- pad imuniteta
Važno je napomenutu da stres nije uzrok pojave ekcema, ali može dovesti do pogoršanja oboljenja.
Oblici ekcema
Ekcem se moze pojaviti na bilo kojem delu tela.
Ekcem na rukama i nogama je zapaljenje kože koje se najčešće javlja još u ranom detinjstvu, u nekim slučajevima odmah po rođenju. U kasnijem životnom dobu je posledica izlaganju hemijskim i fizičkim faktorima sredine- kontaktni dermatitis.
Najčešći oblik ekcema kod dece je atopijski ekcem (dečji ekcem) koji je poznat i pod drugim sinonimima: atopijski dermatitis, endogeni ekcem, neurodermatitis.
U oko 60% pacijenata sa atopijskim dermatitisom prvi simptomi bolesti se pojave do kraja prve godine života, a u 90% do pete godine života.
Simptomi
Najcesci simptomi ekcema su crvenilo, svrab, suva koza ili koza obložena sitnim plikovima.
Atopijski ekcem (dečji ekcem) se manifestuje pojavom suvoće, svraba i crvenila kože sa perutanjem, kod beba najčešće na obrazima, a kod starije dece u pregibima. U direktnoj je vezi sa sklonošću alergijama u porodici, a najčešće se pogoršava u ranom periodu (kod dece do 2 godine) prilikom prelaska sa mlečne na mešovitu ishranu, a kod starije dece izlaganjem alergenima iz vazduha.
Dijagnoza ekcema
Dijagnozu ekcema postavlja lekar na osnovu kliničke slike i anamnestičkih podataka.
S obzirom da je u osnovi oboljenje alergijske prirode, jedan od kriterijuma za dijagnozu atopijskog dermatitisa je podatak o postojanju polenske kijavice, alergijskog rinitisa (zapaljenje sluznice nosa) i konjuktivitisa (zapaljenje sluznice oka) ili bronhijalne astme u detinjstvu ili kod članova porodice. Česta je pojava alergije na prašinu i grinje. Nekada se javljaju savim blagi simptomi zapušenosti nosa, suvog kašlja, kijanja u serijama na koje ni deca ni roditelji ne obraćaju pažnju.
U samoj prirodi bolesti je da se spontano povlači.
Sa odrastanjem klinička slika atopijskog ekcema postaje blaža i kod većine dece se značajno povuče do sedme godine života, kod neke u pubertetu, a u malom broju ekcem ostane klinički manifestan i u odraslom dobu.
Na žalost, postoje i veoma teški oblici ekcema koji zahvataju celu kožu, i nekada je neophodno bolničko lečenje i upotreba dugotrajne sistemske terapije pod kontrolom lekara.
Lečenje ekcema
Prvo i osnovno treba prekinuti začarani krug: svrab- češanje-svrab koji je posledica suvoće kože, što znači da koža ne sme biti suva
- ne koristiti jaka hemijska sredstva za ličnu higijenu koja isušuju kožu,
- koristiti posebne uljne kupke i kreme za zamašćivanje, više puta tokom dana
- koristiti pamučnu odeću
- koristiti medicinske kreme i lekove isključivo po preporuci lekara,
- kontrolisano izlaganje sunčevim zracima tokom proleća i leta
- medicinska fototerapija pod nadzorom lekara
Obzirom na alergijsku prirodu bolesti obavezno izbegavati hranu za koju se zna da može izazvati alergijsku reakciju: jagode, jaja, orasi, konzervirana hrana, industrijski sokovi.
U lečenju ekcema se mogu koristiti
- kortikosteridni preparati u obliku masti ili oblici za sistemsku primenu,
- imunomodulatori
- antibiotici u obliku masti ili oblici za sistemsku primenu
Vrstu preparata i način njihove primene određuje lekar.
Prirodna lekovita sredstva – narodna medicina
Da bi se sprečilo isušivanje kože u letnjem periodu za prirodno lečenje ekcema preporučuje se korišćenje hidrantnog losiona na bazi soka svežeg krastavca i bademovog ulja.
Tokom zime se može koristiti losion u kome se nalaze dve kašike kokosovog ulja, jedna kašika maslinovog ulja i par kapi eteričnog ulja đumbira.
Za ublažavanje simptoma ekcema može se koristiti:
- oblog od svežih listova maslačka i zelene metvice. Jednaku količinu ovih listova dobro usitniti (iseći nožem) i pomešati sa 3-4 kapi prirodnog biljnog ulja, pa dobijenom smesom prekriti kožu zahvaćenu ekcemom. Posle 30-tak minuta kožu isprati čistom hladnom vodom,
- oblog od majčine dušice,
- obloge od cvetova nane,
- ulje od ljiljana, ulje od kantariona (priprema je ista – latice i prašnike cveta ljiljana ili cvetove kantariona potopiti u maslinovo ulje u odnosu 1:3 i ostaviti u tegli na suncu 6 nedelja. Obolelo mesto mazati nekoliko puta tokom dana,
- hladno ceđeno kokosovo ulje.
Ishrana obolelih od ekcema
Ukoliko Vas muči atopijski dermatitis, imate neprijatan ekcem na rukama ili na nekom drugom delu tela, ishrana bazirana na zdravim alkalnim namirnicama je veoma važna.
S obzirom da povećana kiselost organizma može pogoršati simptome ekcema preporučuje se povećan unos bazne hrane(idealan odnos 80% bazne i 20 %kisele hrane), što znači da treba smanjiti unos mesnih prerađevina, masti, gaziranih napitaka, belog šećera, celih jaja i sireva, a povećati unos vitamina A i C, koga ima u voću i povrću (šargarepa, banane, kajsije, dunje, citrusi, paradajz), kao i u zelenom lisnatom povrću.
U ishranu trba uključiti i namirnice čiji pojedini sastojci imaju jako antiinflamatorno (antiupalno) dejstvo:
- Jabuke, trešnje, brokoli, bobičasto voće osim vitamina C sadrže i supstancu kercetin koji je prirodni antihistaminik i ublažava svrab i ima antupalno dejstvo.
- Omega-3 masne kiseline, iako povećavaju kiselost organizma u umerenim količinama deluju antiinflamatorno (smanjuju zapaljenje) pa se preporučuju ljudima koje muči ekcem na rukama i nogama. Omega -3 masnih kiselina najviše ih ima u morskoj ribi i ikri, orasima, soji i njenim prerađevinama, semenkama lana.
- Cink, osim što je antioksidans, ima i izraženo antinflamatorno dejstvo pa je veoma koristan u ublažvanju tegoba ekcema. Cink se najbolje apsorbuje iz namirnica životinjskog porekla: riba, teleća i svinjska džigerica. Od namirnica biljnog porekla cinkom su bogati: orasi, susam, seme lana, mahunarke, pečurke i integralne žitarice.
- Vitamin E ublazava svrab na kozi ukoliko se nanosi direktno na mesto zahvaceno ekcemom. Prirodni izvor vitamina E su pšenične klice i ulje pšeničnih klica, kao i orašasti plodovi (orasi, lesnici, badem) i njihova ulja.
O količinama i načinu pripreme namirnica obavezno se posavetujte sa nutricionistom.
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Her shoes were Christian Louboutins and her jewelry was custom made for the funeral. Linda Swanson, executive vice president of Swanson Funeral Home, which is coordinating Franklin’s viewings and other services, said the Queen of Soul will don multiple outfits in true diva fashion in the days leading to her burial. Women release white balloons as they wait in line outside the Charles H.
Wright Museum of African American History on the second day of a public viewing of the late singer Aretha Franklin Two women hold up a T-shirt with different images of the late, great singer on it as they wait in line A woman stops to sign a board of messages to Aretha Franklin outside the museum on the second day of a public viewing The message board, titled ‘THANK YOU, ARETHA’ was covered in personal messages from fansWhat she will be wearing is a ‘surprise,’ Swanson told the , but added that the clothing will be ‘Just natural changes in wardrobe that a queen would make.’On Thursday, a public viewing will take place at Aretha Franklin’s hometown church of New Bethel Baptist Church on Linwood, where her father was a former pastor. Franklin’s funeral is being held Friday at Detroit’s Greater Grace Temple.
The family and friends-only service is set to feature an all-star lineup of performers including Stevie Wonder, Faith Hill, Jennifer Hudson, Fantasia and Shirley Caesar. Ron Isley, Chaka Khan, Yolanda Adams, Jennifer Holliday and Franklin’s son, Edward Franklin, will also perform. VIPs aren’t expected to be limited to the musical kind: Scheduled to speak at the service is former President Bill Clinton, whose inaugurations featured performances by Franklin. Others include the Revs.
Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton, Bishop T. D. Jakes, Cicely Tyson, former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, Clive Davis and Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder. People file into the Charles H.
Wright Museum of African American History on the second day of the public viewing Messages are seen written on a large drawing of Aretha Franklin outside the Charles H.
Wright Museum of African American History on Wednesday A woman signs a poster outside the Charles H.
Wright Museum of African American History during a public visitation for Aretha Franklin in Detroit, Wednesday The message boards were also covered with different pictures of Franklin throughout her careerSmokey Robinson also plans to pay tribute with words, not music.
The Motown ‘Miracle’ and Franklin grew up together and delivered a spine-tingling duet on Soul Train in 1979.The Rev. Jasper Williams Jr., pastor of Atlanta’s Salem Baptist Church, will deliver the eulogy.It’s expected to be a marathon service, perhaps lasting five hours or more and will be livestreamed and broadcast on TV.Greater Grace Temple is calling on people with pink Cadillacs to line up before the funeral in an effort to create a ‘Freeway of Love’ in tribute to Franklin. That’s a nod to her funky ’80s tune of the same name that prominently featured the car in the lyrics and video.Those who line the route get a special perk: The driver of the Caddy and one extra person will be admitted to the funeral.The church also hosted Parks’ funeral, at which Franklin sang.After the funeral, Franklin will be entombed at Woodlawn Cemetery in Detroit, along with her father, Rev.
C.L. Franklin; brother Cecil Franklin; sisters Carolyn Franklin and Erma Franklin; and nephew, Thomas Garrett. Woodlawn also is the final resting place for Parks and many of the Motor City’s musical elite, including members of the Four Tops. What she will be wearing is a ‘surprise,’ Swanson asserted, but added that the clothing will be ‘Just natural changes in wardrobe that a queen would make’ Franklin’s body, seen in its shining gold casket, will be lying in state at the museum Tuesday and Wednesday from 9am to 9pm Franklin can be seen resting in her shining gold casket with her legs crossed, wearing a red dress and matching stiletto heelsFranklin passed away August 16 at 9.50am surrounded by family and friends at her home in Detroit following a battle with advanced pancreatic cancer.’In one of the darkest moments of our lives, we are not able to find the appropriate words to express the pain in our heart.
We have lost the matriarch and rock of our family,’ a statement from her family read.’We have been deeply touched by the incredible outpouring of love and support we have received from close friends, supporters and fans all around the world.
Thank you for your compassion and prayers.’We have felt your love for Aretha and it brings us comfort to know that her legacy will live on. As we grieve, we ask that you respect our privacy during this difficult time.’Franklin, who sang with matchless style on such classics as ‘Think,’ ‘I Say a Little Prayer’ and her signature song, ‘Respect’, announced her retirement from touring last year.The mother-of-four had battled various undisclosed health issues in recent years.
Her last public performance was at Elton John’s AIDS Foundation gala in New York in November last year. Beginning at 9am Tuesday, fans were allowed into the museum to pay their respects to Franklin in her open casket The casket carrying Franklin’s body was taken to the viewing in a 1940 Cadillac LaSalle hearse The same Cadillac was used to transport her father, Rev.
C.L. Franklin, when he died in July 1984. It was also used to transport Rosa Parks’ body when she died in 2005Swanson told the Associated Press that her family has long been close with the Franklin family and that it was nothing for Franklin to call the funeral home and take care of families in financial need – ‘usually in full without being asked or prompted to do so.’Swanson said many people attending Franklin’s two-day public viewing at a Detroit museum ‘are here because they were blessed by her big heart and her desire to reach beyond the boundaries of her own success and touch others.’ CML Alliance