KONJUKTIVITIS – Šta je i kako ga izlečiti
Oko Vam je crveno, suzi, smeta Vam jako svetlo. Osećate bockanje, grebanje ispod kapka. Imate osećaj da Vam je nešto upalo u oko. Kapci su vam otečeni. Teško Vam je da otvorite oko.
Imate konjuktivitis tj upalu vežnjače.
Konjuktiva – vežnjača je sluzokoža koja polazi od ruba kapaka i prekriva njihovu unutrašnju stranu odakle prelazi na očnu jabučicu i pokriva njen prednji deo. Konjuktiva ima dva lista – jedan conjunctiva tarsi koji oblaže kapke i drugi conjunctiva bulbi koji prekriva prednju stranu očne jabučice a između kojih se nalazi kapilarni prostor koji omogućava održavanje vlažnosti prednje strane oka minimalnom količinom suza.
Vežnjača je glatka, sjajna i vlažna. Kroz nju se na očnoj jabučici providi bela sklera (beonjača) na kojoj se ocrtavaju konjuktivalni krvni sudovi.
Uzroci konjuktivitisa
Najčešći uzrok zapaljenja vežnjače su različiti egzogeni – spoljni faktori koji mogu biti:
- fizički – toplota, zračna energija( sunčevi zraci, zraci pri varenju metala..)
- hemijski – baze i kiseline,
- mehanički – kontaktna sočiva
- bakterijske prirode – razni koki i bacili,
- virusne prirode
Konjuktivitisi mogu biti uslovljeni i endogenim – untrašnjim faktorima samog organizma kao što su razna oboljenja okolnih tkiva oka, kože, ili ređe metastatskim putem.
Lečenje konjuktivitisa
Lečenje je uglavnom simptomatsko kod konjuktivitisa fizičke mehaničke i virusne etiologije. Kao sasvim blaga sredstva mogu se primeniti:
– hladni oblozi od kamilice – skuvati jači čaj od kamilice, procediti, ohladiti na sobnu temperaturu i čistu gazu ili maramicu natopiti, ocediti i staviti kao oblog na oko. Smanjuje se otok kapka.
– 3% rastvor borne kiseline ili Prokulin kapi – ukapati 1-2 kapi u oba oka 3-4 puta na dan tokom 3-4 dana. Smanjuje se crvenilo oka i suzenje. Oba preparata imaju i blago antiseptičko dejstvo.
– uljane AD kapi se preporučuju da bi se smanjila iritacija vežnjače. Stvara se masna klizna površina između kapka i očne jabučice pa se time smanjuje osećaj grebanja i bockanja pri treptanju.
– Dexamethasone-neomycin kapi za oči – kombinovani preparat kojim se skraćuje tok lečenja i utiče i na moguću bakterijsku infekciju. Ukapava se 1-2 kapi u oba oka na 3-4 h tokom dana.
– Chloramphenicol mast za oči staviti uveče u oba oka. Mast se stavlja tako što se donji kapak povuče naniže pa se od nosa ka spoljnom uglu oka stavi mast i lagano zatvori oko. Dobro je preko oka staviti gazu i fiksirati je – zalepiti, kako bi se omogućilo delovanje masti tokom noći, a i da se ne bi mastila posteljina.
Oni kod kojih su kontaktna sočiva uzrok konjuktivitisa, ne bi trebalo da ih nose još najmanje 24h po završetku lečenja, a i tada ne duže od 8 sati tokom narednih 3-4 dana.
Za hemijske povrede oka i bakterijske infekcije obavezno se javiti očnom lekaru!!!
I pored svega gore navedenog potrebno je konsultovati očnog lekra!
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