KONJUKTIVITIS – Šta je i kako ga izlečiti

KONJUKTIVITIS – Šta je i kako ga izlečiti

Oko Vam je crveno, suzi, smeta Vam jako svetlo. Osećate bockanje, grebanje ispod kapka. Imate osećaj da Vam je nešto upalo u oko. Kapci su vam otečeni. Teško Vam je da otvorite oko.

Imate  konjuktivitis tj upalu vežnjače.

Konjuktiva – vežnjača je sluzokoža koja polazi od ruba kapaka i prekriva njihovu unutrašnju stranu odakle prelazi na očnu jabučicu i pokriva njen prednji deo. Konjuktiva ima dva lista – jedan conjunctiva tarsi koji oblaže kapke i drugi conjunctiva bulbi koji prekriva prednju stranu očne jabučice a između kojih se nalazi kapilarni prostor koji omogućava održavanje vlažnosti prednje strane oka minimalnom količinom suza.

Vežnjača je glatka, sjajna i vlažna. Kroz nju se na očnoj jabučici providi bela sklera (beonjača) na kojoj se ocrtavaju konjuktivalni krvni sudovi.

 

Uzroci konjuktivitisa

 

Najčešći uzrok zapaljenja vežnjače su različiti  egzogeni – spoljni faktori koji mogu biti:

  • fizički  – toplota, zračna energija( sunčevi zraci, zraci pri varenju metala..)
  • hemijski – baze i kiseline,
  • mehanički – kontaktna sočiva
  • bakterijske prirode – razni koki i bacili,
  • virusne prirode

Konjuktivitisi mogu biti uslovljeni i endogenim – untrašnjim faktorima samog organizma kao što su razna  oboljenja okolnih tkiva oka, kože, ili ređe metastatskim putem.

 

Lečenje konjuktivitisa

Konjuktivitis

Lečenje je uglavnom simptomatsko kod konjuktivitisa fizičke mehaničke i virusne etiologije. Kao sasvim blaga sredstva  mogu se primeniti:

– hladni oblozi od kamilice – skuvati jači čaj od kamilice, procediti, ohladiti na sobnu temperaturu i čistu gazu ili maramicu natopiti, ocediti i staviti kao oblog na oko. Smanjuje se otok kapka.

– 3% rastvor borne kiseline ili Prokulin kapi – ukapati  1-2 kapi u oba oka 3-4 puta na dan tokom 3-4 dana. Smanjuje se crvenilo oka i suzenje. Oba preparata imaju i blago antiseptičko dejstvo.

– uljane AD kapi se preporučuju da bi se smanjila iritacija vežnjače. Stvara se masna klizna površina između kapka i očne jabučice pa se time smanjuje osećaj grebanja i bockanja pri treptanju.

– Dexamethasone-neomycin kapi za oči – kombinovani preparat kojim se skraćuje tok lečenja i utiče i  na moguću bakterijsku infekciju. Ukapava se 1-2 kapi u oba oka na 3-4 h tokom dana.

– Chloramphenicol mast za oči staviti uveče u oba oka. Mast se stavlja  tako što se donji kapak povuče naniže pa se od nosa ka spoljnom uglu oka stavi mast i lagano zatvori oko. Dobro je preko oka staviti gazu i fiksirati je – zalepiti, kako bi se omogućilo delovanje masti tokom noći, a i da se ne bi mastila posteljina.

Oni kod kojih su kontaktna sočiva uzrok konjuktivitisa, ne bi trebalo da ih nose još najmanje 24h po završetku lečenja, a i tada ne duže od 8 sati tokom narednih 3-4 dana.

Za hemijske povrede oka i bakterijske infekcije obavezno se javiti očnom lekaru!!!

I pored svega gore navedenog potrebno je konsultovati očnog lekra!

 

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